What is Acne and Why Does It Occur?
Arvin Dermatology Hospital — Dehbori Intersection, Kabul
What is Acne?
Acne, medically known as Acne Vulgaris, is one of the most prevalent dermatological conditions, primarily affecting the face, back, chest, and shoulders. This condition develops when hair follicles become blocked with excess sebum (oil), dead skin cells, and keratin, leading to localized inflammation that manifests as red bumps, pustules, blackheads, or whiteheads.
Excess Sebum Production
Cutibacterium acnes Bacteria
Tissue Inflammation & Redness
Primary Causes of Acne
Overproduction of Sebum
Sebaceous glands become hyperactive due to hormonal shifts (especially during puberty). This results in an overproduction of sebum (oil) that becomes trapped within the pores.
Accumulation of Dead Skin Cells
When the skin fails to shed dead cellular structures properly, they accumulate inside the pores alongside oil, forming microcomedones that evolve into whiteheads and blackheads.
Cutibacterium acnes Proliferation
This microflora naturally resides on the skin surface. However, when a pore is occluded and saturated with oil, the bacteria multiply rapidly, inducing localized infection and pain.
Inflammatory Response
The internal pressure on the blocked pore triggers an inflammatory response, turning simple blockages into red, painful, or fluid-filled lesions. Severe variants can cause nodules, deep cysts, and persistent scarring.
What Factors Aggravate Acne?
Does Acne Only Affect Teenagers?
No. Adult acne is highly common and can surface at any stage of life, frequently presenting along the jawline, chin, lower face, chest, or back due to varying hormonal or environmental triggers.
When Should You See a Dermatologist?
If acne turns painful, deeply cystic, leaves permanent dark spots/scars, or fails to resolve with basic over-the-counter skincare, seeking immediate care from a qualified dermatologist is essential.
Clinical Notice
Acne is a complex inflammatory condition, not an indicator of poor personal hygiene. Excessive scrubbing or using harsh, stripping soaps can exacerbate irritation and compromise the skin barrier. Proper management requires accurate diagnostic classification and a systematic treatment strategy under specialized dermatological care.
Clinical Evaluation & Treatment
To identify your specific variant of acne and build a customized clinical program matched to your skin profile, schedule a comprehensive skin consultation in Kabul with Dr. Mohammad Arif Abid.